Colon cancer is a type of colorectal cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon). It often develops from small growths called polyps, some of which can gradually become cancerous. Detecting and removing precancerous polyps can help prevent colorectal cancer. Common Symptoms Change in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding Persistent abdominal pain, cramps, or bloating Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely Unexplained weight loss Persistent tiredness or weakness Iron-deficiency anemia Risk Factors Risk can increase with: Increasing age Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps Certain inherited genetic conditions Inflammatory bowel disease Smoking Excess body weight Low physical activity Diet high in processed or red meat Diagnosis & Screening Depending on age and individual risk, screening may include stool-based tests or colonoscopy. If an abnormality is found, a colonoscopy and biopsy may be used to confirm cancer. CT and other imaging tests may be performed to determine the stage. Treatment Treatment depends on the stage, location, and characteristics of the cancer and may include: Surgery Chemotherapy Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Radiation therapy in selected colorectal cancers Early Detection Matters Colon cancer may be highly treatable when detected early. Regular colorectal cancer screening and prompt evaluation of persistent bowel changes or blood in the stool can help with early detection and prevention.

Ovarian cancer develops in the ovaries, the reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It can be difficult to detect in its early stages because the symptoms may be mild or resemble common digestive or menstrual problems. Common Symptoms Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling Pelvic or abdominal pain Feeling full quickly or loss of appetite Changes in bowel or bladder habits Frequent or urgent urination Unexplained weight loss or gain Persistent fatigue Changes in menstrual patterns or unusual vaginal bleeding Risk Factors Risk may be influenced by: Increasing age Family history of ovarian or breast cancer Inherited genetic changes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 Certain hereditary cancer syndromes Endometriosis Some reproductive and hormonal factors Diagnosis Evaluation may include: Pelvic examination Ultrasound CT or MRI scans when required Blood tests, including CA-125 in appropriate situations Biopsy or surgical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis Treatment Treatment depends on the type and stage of ovarian cancer and may include: Surgery Chemotherapy Targeted therapy Maintenance therapies such as PARP inhibitors in selected patients Other systemic treatments when appropriate Importance of Early Evaluation There is no single routine screening test recommended for ovarian cancer in women at average risk. Persistent or unusual abdominal, pelvic, urinary, or digestive symptoms should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional. Early diagnosis can help guide timely and appropriate treatment.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are cancers that develop in the digestive system, including the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, anus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Common Types Oesophageal cancer Stomach (gastric) cancer Colorectal cancer Small intestine cancer Liver cancer Pancreatic cancer Gallbladder and bile duct cancers Anal cancer Common Symptoms Symptoms can vary depending on the organ affected, but may include: Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort Difficulty swallowing Changes in bowel habits Blood in the stool or black stools Persistent indigestion or bloating Nausea or vomiting Unexplained weight loss Loss of appetite Jaundice Persistent fatigue Risk Factors Risk factors may include smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, unhealthy diet, certain infections, family history, inherited genetic conditions, and chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Diagnosis Depending on the suspected cancer, evaluation may involve: Blood tests Ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans Endoscopy or colonoscopy Biopsy Specialized tests to determine the cancer type and stage Treatment Treatment depends on the type, location, stage, and overall health of the patient. It may include: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Targeted therapy Immunotherapy A combination of treatments Early Detection Matters Persistent digestive symptoms should not be ignored. Early evaluation and diagnosis can help identify gastrointestinal cancers at an earlier stage, when treatment may be more effective.